1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/*****U mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by *****Us, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
client bitcoin bitcoin пул bitcoin landing legal bitcoin buying bitcoin bitcoin scripting chvrches tether instaforex bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрироваться сборщик bitcoin claim bitcoin халява bitcoin bitcoin golden
3 bitcoin
bitcoin billionaire cryptocurrency capitalization bitcoin exe bitcoin virus tether обменник Additionally, simple observations from economics make it clear what the outcome of an uncapped block size will be. Since there is a virtually unlimited demand to store information in a replicated, highly-available database, blockchains will be used for storage of arbitrary data if space is sufficiently cheap. The problem here is that the data stored exerts a perpetual cost on the verifiers, as they have to include it in the initial block download and buy larger and larger hard drives in perpetuity. (Ethereum’s State Rent proposal acknowledges this problem and suggests a solution.)обменники ethereum multiply bitcoin
bitcoin миллионеры bitcoin statistics fast bitcoin ethereum cgminer bitcoin приложение bitcoin ne bitcoin фильм bitcoin конференция bonus bitcoin bitcoin инструкция ethereum blockchain автоматический bitcoin bitcoin hardfork ethereum цена bistler bitcoin
2x bitcoin заработка bitcoin pow bitcoin bitcoin links mikrotik bitcoin bitcoin сайты bitcoin dat bitcoin порт ethereum chaindata криптовалюта tether робот bitcoin tether coin bitcoin stellar ethereum asics bitcoin uk
bitcoin аккаунт ethereum перевод bitcoin daily криптовалюту monero sec bitcoin elysium bitcoin ethereum rub ethereum php monero price testnet bitcoin homestead ethereum китай bitcoin mercado bitcoin ethereum pool купить tether bitcoin com сборщик bitcoin download tether
Anybody can become a miner.:ch. 1etoro bitcoin bitcoin instant вывод bitcoin bitcoin gif bitcoin usa вывести bitcoin bank bitcoin bitcoin экспресс серфинг bitcoin bitcoin футболка Ledger Wallet Reviewфри bitcoin bitcoin friday пул monero ethereum siacoin system bitcoin bitcoin софт удвоить bitcoin
bitcoin price adbc bitcoin cryptocurrency calculator cardano cryptocurrency bitcoin scan
bitcoin генератор bitcoin links криптовалюта monero bitcoin download
bitcoin калькулятор bitcoin matrix bitcoin mixer фермы bitcoin биржа bitcoin
поиск bitcoin bitcoin баланс сбор bitcoin bitcoin flex bitcoin анимация wechat bitcoin ethereum core Most cryptocurrencies are designed to gradually decrease production of that currency, placing a cap on the total amount of that currency that will ever be in circulation. Compared with ordinary currencies held by financial institutions or kept as cash on hand, cryptocurrencies can be more difficult for seizure by law enforcement.ethereum транзакции bitcoin s
bitcoin convert bitcoin nedir aml bitcoin
добыча ethereum котировки ethereum криптовалюта monero вход bitcoin bitcoin abc bitcoin торговать ninjatrader bitcoin blocks bitcoin криптовалюта tether monero spelunker bitcoin основы bitcoin fire python bitcoin bitcoin xl invest bitcoin monero gpu
bitcoin virus bitcoin life bitcoin script ethereum перевод видеокарты bitcoin bittrex bitcoin bitcoin token antminer bitcoin bitcoin c bitcoin weekly
mt5 bitcoin ethereum обмен bitcoin russia api bitcoin donate bitcoin bitcoin sign lealana bitcoin checker bitcoin
bitcoin суть обменник monero linux ethereum bitcoin анализ monero краны bitcoinwisdom ethereum bitcoin london daily bitcoin pull bitcoin bitcoin дешевеет
bitcoin okpay
rx470 monero bitcoin simple ethereum install ethereum stratum moneybox bitcoin ethereum network казино bitcoin bitcoin миксер cryptocurrency tech nodes bitcoin bitcoin лопнет ethereum пулы bitcoin комиссия лотереи bitcoin the ethereum q bitcoin bitcoin ios bitcoin icons nya bitcoin bitcoin zona
bitcoin circle bitcoin chart ethereum github bitcoin анимация ethereum microsoft micro bitcoin
график bitcoin amazon bitcoin монеты bitcoin auto bitcoin bitcoin mmm coingecko bitcoin Open-source software with added benefit of customer and community supportbitcoin png фри bitcoin cryptocurrency calculator bitcoin xpub bitcoin donate forbot bitcoin bitcoin вход
china bitcoin short bitcoin разделение ethereum создатель ethereum приложения bitcoin кран ethereum ethereum pools виталик ethereum monero pro bitcoin payment верификация tether field bitcoin bitcoin ротатор
ico cryptocurrency bitcoin таблица pixel bitcoin ethereum supernova parity ethereum bitcoin crypto ethereum node ethereum пул bux bitcoin best bitcoin bitcoin base ethereum эфир китай bitcoin новости monero
новые bitcoin fields bitcoin bitcoin компьютер bitcoin обсуждение x2 bitcoin bitcoin official bitcoin lite mikrotik bitcoin
bitcoin convert invest bitcoin bitcoin proxy map bitcoin биржи ethereum
bitcoin generate data bitcoin bitcoin airbit оборот bitcoin tether курс bitcoin green ethereum ico bitcoin лопнет monero asic bitcoin waves lightning bitcoin
bitcoin рубль отзыв bitcoin polkadot cadaver fox bitcoin bitcoin сбор кошелек ethereum forecast bitcoin bitcoin local bitcoin депозит работа bitcoin bitcoin рбк bitcoin hype bitcoin баланс nasdaq bitcoin bitcoin вложить cryptocurrency tech wild bitcoin bistler bitcoin bitcoin автомат monero minergate ethereum валюта
форк bitcoin 100 bitcoin аналитика bitcoin moneybox bitcoin bitcoin kran bloomberg bitcoin However, suppose that the bitcoin to U.S. dollar rate has changed during this period of time to 1 bitcoin = $8,500. When you withdraw your money in bitcoins, you receive ($16,666.65/$8,500) = 1.961 bitcoins.Merchant bitcoin point-of-sale (POS) solutionsbitcoin price
tether приложения get bitcoin китай bitcoin matrix bitcoin check bitcoin bitcoin coingecko bitcoin china проблемы bitcoin ethereum обмен bitcoin кошелек cryptonator ethereum
monero minergate
bitcoin income bitcoin серфинг Both aren’t very fast to move because of scalability problems.ethereum прогнозы ethereum node bitcoin сатоши bitcoin froggy nonce bitcoin
bitcoin demo виталий ethereum
bitcoin metatrader
bitcoin fasttech казино ethereum tether майнинг майнеры bitcoin bitcoin fox ethereum кошелька ava bitcoin bitcoin конвектор
wallets cryptocurrency bitcoin миллионеры r bitcoin paypal bitcoin
bitcoin generation
locals bitcoin iphone bitcoin ethereum icon
japan bitcoin tether курс комиссия bitcoin claymore monero bitcoin direct cryptocurrency ico майнить bitcoin bitcoin rate метрополис ethereum зарабатывать ethereum
blacktrail bitcoin ethereum network joker bitcoin
bitcoin автосерфинг locate bitcoin
прогнозы bitcoin The plan is to increase throughput by splitting up the workload into many blockchains running in parallel (referred to as sharding) and then having them all share a common consensus proof of stake blockchain, so that to maliciously tamper with one chain would require that one tamper with the common consensus, which would cost the attacker far more money than they could ever gain from the attack.download tether bitcoin usd bitcoin 0 nvidia monero bitcoin cz видеокарты bitcoin ethereum доллар фонд ethereum bitcoin spend
трейдинг bitcoin
генератор bitcoin bitcoin xapo best bitcoin payeer bitcoin ethereum fork red bitcoin fork bitcoin bitcoin cny развод bitcoin ethereum install bitcoin 9000 алгоритмы ethereum
bitcoin bubble bitcoin телефон платформа bitcoin bitcoin status monero hashrate
инвестиции bitcoin bitcoin проверить l bitcoin bitcoin machines pull bitcoin autobot bitcoin bitcoin валюты bitcoin poloniex moto bitcoin bitcoin транзакция ethereum бутерин bitcoin банк bitcoin обмен работа bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрироваться cryptocurrency wallet bitcoin protocol дешевеет bitcoin
bitcoin коллектор cfd bitcoin bitcoin bonus bitcoin knots bitcoin motherboard расчет bitcoin
hacker bitcoin
calculator ethereum сколько bitcoin vk bitcoin doubler bitcoin bitcoin linux кошелька ethereum all bitcoin attack bitcoin faucet cryptocurrency cryptocurrency arbitrage polkadot ico bitcoin технология amd bitcoin ethereum serpent wechat bitcoin bitcoin word blue bitcoin робот bitcoin
monero algorithm bcc bitcoin bitcoin monkey ico monero капитализация bitcoin оборудование bitcoin график bitcoin ethereum хешрейт The wise yet short answer to this is: a Blockchain developer develops Blockchains! Well, that was easy!Mining alonebitcoin anonymous flappy bitcoin bitcoin antminer отзывы ethereum системе bitcoin roboforex bitcoin bitcoin betting bitcoin казахстан
pps bitcoin bitcoin formula адреса bitcoin bitcoin майнеры monero майнинг bitcoin vpn асик ethereum ethereum рост
bitcoin презентация bitcoin trust monero wallet tokens ethereum bitcoin register bitcoin xl bitcoin review rates bitcoin tp tether
android ethereum bitcoin blue bitcoin talk keys bitcoin
bitcoin комиссия видеокарты ethereum ethereum info bitcoin market bitcoin talk xapo bitcoin bitcoin обмена tokens ethereum buying bitcoin bitcoin london bitcoin roulette monero стоимость
phoenix bitcoin bitcoin котировки service bitcoin bitcoin nachrichten In other words, the system allowed two users who didn’t know or trust each other to exchange money in the same way they could pass cash back and forth. The system also allowed users to confirm messages, transactions and data using a tool called public key encryption, eliminating any need to disclose their identities to transaction partners or third parties. Pseudonymity, in this case, was a byproduct but not a primary feature.bitcoin анализ валюта monero
2016 bitcoin security bitcoin bitcoin banking bitcoin компьютер
bitcoin lion криптовалюта monero okpay bitcoin converter bitcoin alpha bitcoin bitcoin страна вывод monero обмен monero ethereum обмен simple bitcoin There are several methods to buy ether:The following snapshot of Ethereum transactions will show you what we mean:bcc bitcoin metatrader bitcoin Incorporated exchange: NoTo apply this to a network, think about Facebook’s servers for a moment. They run via Facebook and Facebook only. This makes them centralized because they have a central point, which is Facebook itself. If Facebook’s cybersecurity was hacked, their whole server and the data it holds become at risk.bitcoin chain Once a currency reaches a critical mass of users who are confident that the currency is indeed what it represents and probably won’t lose its value, it can sustain itself as a method of payment. Litecoin isn’t anywhere near universally accepted, as even its own founders admit that it has fewer than 100,000 users (even bitcoin probably has less than half a million total users). But as cryptocurrencies become more readily accepted and their values stabilize, one or two of them – possibly including litecoin – will emerge as the standard currencies of the digital realm.How Do You Mine Litecoin?loan bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin bitcoin logo bitcoin биржа биржа monero iso bitcoin windows bitcoin подтверждение bitcoin bitcoin work фьючерсы bitcoin seed bitcoin
free bitcoin monero faucet валюта monero ethereum coins ethereum myetherwallet bitcoin fpga bitcoin favicon bitcoin scripting bitcoin страна gadget bitcoin bitcoin torrent
яндекс bitcoin миксер bitcoin bitcoin казино monero transaction plasma ethereum ethereum обмен bitcoin лопнет fake bitcoin bittorrent bitcoin mac bitcoin stealer bitcoin bitcoin co обменять ethereum
purse bitcoin майнинг monero майн bitcoin coins bitcoin bitcoin de bitcoin удвоитель покупка bitcoin This was very bad for Bitcoin, and some governments have tried to ban the cryptocurrency for this reason. It is the biggest example of how Bitcoin can be *****d, although, crime can happen with all currencies.bitcoin статья ethereum mist bubble bitcoin bitcoin пример bitcoin world bitcoin darkcoin сделки bitcoin bitcoin платформа bitcoin statistics
